List of indigenous languages of South America

This article lists the indigenous languages of South America. Extinct languages are marked by dagger signs (†).

Demographics by country

Demographics of Indigenous languages of South America by country as of 2012, as reported by Crevels (2012):

Languages by classification

Jolkesky (2016)

Jolkesky (2016) lists 43 language families and 66 language isolates (and/or unclassified languages) in South America – a total of 109 independent families and isolates.^{: 783–806}

Andoke-Urekena

Andoke
Urekena

Arawa

Suruwaha
Madi-Deni-Paumari
- Deni-Kulina: Deni; Kulina
- Madi-Arawa
  - Arawa †
  - Madi: Banawa; Jamamadi; Jarawara
- Paumari

Barbakoa

Barbakoa, Southern
- Karanki †
- Kayapa
- Kijo †
- Tsafiki
Barbakoa, Northern
- Kokonuko
  - Kokonuko †
  - Guambiano-Totoro: Guambiano; Totoro
- Pasto
  - Awa Pit
  - Barbakoa †
  - Pasto †
  - Sindagua †

Bora-Muinane

Bora; Miraña
Muinane

Chacha-Cholon-Hibito

Chacha †
Cholon
Hibito †

Chapakura-Wañam

Napeka
Rokorona
Chapakura-Kitemoka
- Chapakura †
- Kitemoka
More-Tora
- More-Kuyubi
  - Kuyubi-Kumana: Kumana; Kuyubi
  - More
- Tora
- Kabixi
Urupa-Wañam-Wari
- Urupa
  - Urupa
  - Yaru
- Wañam-Wari
  - Wañam
  - Wari-Win: Oro Eo; Oro Wari; Oro Win

Charrua

Chana
Guenoa †
Minuan †

Chibcha

Pech
Votic
- Maleku
- Rama
- Wetar
Isthmus
- Boruka-Talamanca
  - Boruka
  - Talamanca
    - Teribe
    - Bribri-Kabekar
      - Bribri
      - Kabekar
- Doraske-Changena
  - Changena †
  - Doraske
- Guaymi
  - Buglere
  - Ngäbe
- Kuna
  - Kuna Paya-Pukuro
  - Kuna San Blas
Magdalena
- Barí
- Chimila
- Nutabe †
- Tunebo
- Muiska
  - Guane †
  - Muiska †
- Sierra de Santa Marta
  - Kaggaba
  - Wiwa-Ika
    - Ika
    - Kankuamo †
    - Wiwa
  - Tairona †

Choko

Waunana
Embera
- Embera, Southern: Embera Baudo; Embera Chami; Epena
- Embera, Northern: Embera Katio; Embera Darien

Chon

Chon, Southern
- Haush †
- Selkʼnam
Chon, Northern
- Tewelche
- Teushen †

Duho

Tikuna-Yuri
- Karabayo
- Tikuna
- Yuri †
Saliba-Hodi
- Hodi
- Saliba-Betoi
  - Betoi †
  - Saliba-Piaroa
    - Saliba
    - Piaroa-Mako
      - Ature †
      - Mako
      - Piaroa

Guahibo

Guahibo, Nuclear
- Kuiba
- Sikuani
- Playero
Guayabero
Hitnü

Harakmbet-Katukina

Amarakaeri; Arasaeri; Sapiteri; Wachipaeri
Katukina-Katawixi
- Katawixi
- Kanamari; Katukina

Jaqi

Aymara
Jaqaru
- Jaqaru
- Kawki

Jirajara †

Ayoman †
Gayon †
Jirajara †

Jivaro

Aguaruna
Palta †
Jivaro, Nuclear
- Achuar-Shiwiar
- Wambisa
- Shuar

Karib

Karib, Western †
- Karare †
- Opon †
Karib, Central
- Apalai
- Hianakoto
  - Guake †
  - Hianakoto-Umawa †
  - Karihona
- Kariña
- Palmella †
- Tarano
  - Akurio
  - Tiriyo
- Wayana
Karib, Southern
- Kuikuro
  - Kalapalo
  - Kuikuro
  - Matipu
  - Nahukwa
- Pekodi
  - Arara-Ikpeng
    - Arara
    - Ikpeng
  - Bakairi
- Pimenteira †
Karib, Northern
- Parukoto
  - Kashuyana
  - Parukoto, Nuclear
    - Hishkaryana
    - Sikiana
    - Waiwai
- Purukoto
  - Kapong: Akawayo; Patamona
  - Makushi
  - Pemon: Arekuna; Ingariko; Kamarakoto; Taurepang
  - Purukoto
- Venezuela
  - De'kwana-Wayumara
    - De'kwana
    - Wayumara
  - Eñepa
  - Kumana
    - Chayma
    - Kumanagoto †
  - Mapoyo-Yabarana
    - Mapoyo
    - Pemono
    - Yabarana
  - Tamanaku †
  - Yao †
    - Tiverikoto †
    - Yao †
- Yawaperi-Paravilhana
  - Sapara-Paravilhana
    - Paravilhana
    - Sapara
  - Yawaperi
    - Bonari †
    - Waimiri-Atroari
- Yukpa-Japreria
  - Japreria
  - Yukpa

Kawapana

Shawi
Shiwilu

Kechua

Kechua I
- Kechua Pacaraos
- Kechua I, Central
  - Wallaga
    - Kechua Ambo-Pasco
    - Kechua Cajatambo
    - Kechua Wallaga
    - Kechua Wamalies
    - Kechua Junin
    - Kechua Tusi Pasco
  - Wankay
    - Kechua Waylla Wanka
    - Kechua Jauja-Wanka
  - Waylay
    - Kechua Conchucos, Southern
    - Kechua Conchucos, Northern
    - Kechua Corongo
    - Kechua Waylas
    - Kechua Siwas
  - Yauyos
    - Kechua Yauyos
Kechua II
- Kechua Chincha †
- Kechua Cusco, Classical †
- Kechua IIa
  - Kechua Cajamarca-Lambayeque
    - Kechua Cajamarca
    - Kechua Lambayeque
  - Kechua Laraos-Lincha
    - Kechua Laraos
    - Kechua Lincha
- Kechua IIb
  - Kechua Chachapoyas
  - Kechua San Martin
  - Kichua, Equatorial
    - Inga
    - Kichua Chimborazo
    - Kichua Imbabura
    - Kichua Kañar-Loja
    - Kichua Napo
    - Kichua Pastaza
    - Kichua Pichincha
    - Kichua Salasaca
    - Kichua Tena
- Kechua IIc
  - Kechua Ayacucho
  - Kechua Cusco-Boliviano
    - Kechua Apolo
    - Kechua Arequipa
    - Kechua Boliviano
    - Kechua Cusco, Modern
    - Kechua Puno
  - Kechua Santiagueño

Lengua-Maskoy

Lengua: Enlhet; Enxet
Maskoy
- Maskoy, Southern: Angaite; Sanapana
- Maskoy, Northern: Kaskiha; Maskoy

Macro-Arawak

Kandoshi / Shapra
Muniche
Pukina †
Arawak
- Yanesha
- Arawak, Western
  - Aguachile †
  - Chamikuro
  - Mamoré-Paraguai
    - Mamoré-Guaporé
      - Mojo-Paunaka
        Mojo: Ignaciano; Trinitario
        
        Paunaka
      - Baure-Paikoneka
        Baure: Baure; Joaquiniano; Muxojeone †
        
        Paikoneka †
    - Terena: Chane †; Guana †; Kinikinau; Terena
  - Negro-Putumayo
    - Jumana-Pase: Jumana †; Pase †
    - Kaishana †
    - Nawiki
      - Kabiyari
      - Karu-Tariana
        Karu: Baniwa; Kuripako
        
        Tariana
      - Mepuri †
      - Piapoko-Achagua: Achagua; Piapoko
      - Wainambu †
      - Warekena-Mandawaka: Warekena; Mandawaka †
      - Yukuna-Wainuma: Mariate †; Wainuma †; Yukuna
    - Resigaro
    - Wirina †
  - Orinoco
    - Yavitero-Baniva: Baniva; Yavitero †
    - Maipure †
  - Pre-Andine
    - Ashaninka-Nomatsigenga: Ashaninka
      - Ashaninka-Kakinte: Ashaninka
        Ashaninka-Asheninka
        Ashaninka
        
        Asheninka: Asheninka Pajonal; Asheninka Perene; Asheninka Pichis; Asheninka Ucayali; Ashininka
        
        Kakinte
      - Machiguenga-Nanti: Machiguenga; Nanti
      - Nomatsigenga
  - Purus
    - Apurinã
    - Iñapari
    - Piro-Manchineri: Kanamare †; Kuniba †; Manchineri; Mashko Piro; Yine
- Arawak, Eastern
  - Lower Amazon
    - Atlantic: Marawan †; Palikur
    - Guaporé-Tapajós
      - Saraveka †
      - Tapajós: Enawene-Nawe; Paresi
    - Xingu
      - Kustenau †
      - Waura-Mehinako: Mehinaku; Waura
      - Yawalapiti
    - Waraiku †
  - Solimões-Caribbean: Marawan †; Palikur
    - Marawa †
    - Caribbean
      - Kaketio †
      - Wayuu-Añun
        Añun
        
        Wayuu
      - Lokono-Iñeri
        Iñeri: Garifuna; Kalhiphona †
        
        Lokono
      - Shebayo †
      - Taino †
    - Negro-Branco
      - Arua †
      - Mainatari †
      - Negro
        Bare-Guinao: Bare; Guinao †
        
        Bawana-Kariai-Manao: Bawana †; Kariai †; Manao †
        
        Yabaana †
      - Branco
        Mawayana
        
        Wapishana-Parawana: Aroaki †; Atorada; Parawana †; Wapishana

Macro-Mataguayo-Guaykuru

Payagua †
Guachi †
Guaykuru
- Kadiweu
- Qom-Abipon
  - Abipon †
  - Qom
    - Qom, Southern: Mokovi
    - Qom, Northern: Pilaga; Toba
Mataguayo
- Mataguayo, Western
  - Chorote: Chorote Iyojwa'ja; Chorote Iyo'wujwa
  - Wichi: Wichi Guisnay; Wichi Nokten; Wichi Vejoz
- Mataguayo, Eastern
  - Maka
  - Nivakle

Macro-Jê

Borum
Ofaye
Rikbaktsa
Yate
Bororo
- Bororo
- Otuke †
- Umutina †
Maxakali
- Malali †
- Maxakali-Pataxo
  - Maxakali
  - Pataxo †
Kamakã †
- Masakara †
- Kamakã-Menien †
  - Kamakã †
  - Menien †
Kariri †
- Dzubukua †
- Kipea †
- Xoko †
Macro-Jê, Nuclear
- Besiro
- Jeoromitxi-Arikapu: Arikapu; Jeoromitxi
- Karaja: Javae; Karaja; Xambioa
- Jê
  - Jê, Central
    - Akroa †
    - Xakriaba †
    - Xavante
    - Xerente
    - Jeiko †
  - Jê, Southern
    - Ingain: Ingain †; Kimda †
    - Kaingang-Xokleng
      - Kaingang: Kaingang; Kaingang Paulista
      - Xokleng
  - Jê, Northern
    - Apinaje
    - Kayapo: Mẽbengokre; Xikrin
    - Panara
    - Suya-Tapayuna: Suya; Tapayuna
    - Timbira: Apãniekra; Kraho; Krẽje †; Krĩkati; Parkateje; Pykobje; Ramkokamekra

Mapudungun

Mapudungun, Nuclear
- Mapudungun
- Pewenche
- Rankelche
Mapudungun, Southern: Williche
Mapudungun, Northern
- Pikunche †
- Chango †

Moseten-Tsimane

Moseten
Tsimane

Mura-Matanawi

Matanawi †
Mura-Pirahã
- Mura: Bohura †; Mura †
- Pirahã

Nambikwara

Sabane
Nambikwara, Northern
- Guaporé: Mamainde; Negarote; Tawende
- Roosevelt: Lakonde; Latunde; Tawande
Nambikwara, Southern
- Alantesu: Alantesu; Hahãintesu; Waikisu; Wasusu
- Halotesu: Halotesu; Kithãulhu; Wakalitesu; Sawentesu
- Manduka: Hukuntesu; Niyahlosu; Siwaisu
- Sarare

Otomako-Taparita †

Otomako †
Taparita †

Pano-Takana

Takana
- Ese Ejja
- Kavineña-Takana
  - Kavineña
  - Takana
    - Araona
    - Maropa
    - Takana
Pano
- Pano, Northern
  - Kulina (Pano)
  - Korubo
  - Matis
  - Matses
  - Pisabo
- Pano, Nuclear
  - Kasharari
  - Pano, Western
    - Kashibo-Kakataibo: Kashibo; Kakataibo
    - Nokaman †
  - Pano, Central
    - Purus
      - Amawaka
      - Kashinawa
      - Yaminawa-Iskonawa-Marinawa: Iskonawa; Marinawa; Yaminawa; Yawanawa
    - Jurua
      - Kanamari (Pano)
      - Katukina (Pano)
      - Marubo
    - Nukini-Remo
      - Nukini
      - Remo
      - Poyanawa
    - Atsawaka †
      - Arazaeri †
      - Atsawaka †
      - Yamiaka †
    - Chakobo
      - Chakobo
      - Karipuna (Pano)
      - Pakawara
    - Shipibo-Kapanawa
      - Kapanawa
      - Shipibo-Wariapano: Sensi †; Wariapano; Shipibo

Peba-Yagua

Peba †
- Peba †
- Yameo †
Yagua

Puinave-Nadahup

Nadahup
- Nadëb: Nadëb do Rio Negro; Nadëb do Roçado
- Hup-Dâw
  - Dâw
  - Hup
    - Hupda
    - Yuhup
Puinave-Kak
- Puinave
- Kak
  - Kakwa
  - Nukak

Puri †

Coroado †
Puri †

Tallan †

Katakaos †
Kolan †

Timote-Kuika

Kuika †
Mukuchi †
Timote †

Tinigua-Pamigua

Pamigua †
Tinigua

Tukano

Tukano, Western
- Kueretu †
- Tukano, Western, Nuclear
  - Mai Huna
  - Koreguaje-Pioje
    - Koreguaje-Tama
      - Koreguaje
      - Tama †
    - Pioje
      - Makaguaje †
      - Sekoya
      - Siona
      - Tetete †
Tukano, Eastern
- Tanimuka-Retuarã-Yahuna: Tanimuka; Retuarã; Yahuna
- Tukano, Eastern, West
  - Kubeo-Desano
    - Kubeo
    - Desano-Yupua
      - Desano-Siriano: Desano; Siriano
      - Yupua †
  - Makuna-Barasano-Eduria: Makuna; Barasano; Eduria
- Tukano, Eastern, East
  - Tukano-Tatuyo
    - Tukano
    - Tatuyo-Bara-Waimaha
      - Tatuyo
      - Bara-Waimaha: Bara; Waimaha
  - Tuyuka-Wanano
    - Wanano-Piratapuyu
      - Wanano
      - Piratapuyo
    - Tuyuka-Karapanã
      - Karapanã-Pisamira: Karapanã; Pisamira
      - Tuyuka-Yuruti: Tuyuka; Yuruti

Tupi

Arikem
- Arikem †
- Karitiana
Monde
- Paiter
- Monde, Nuclear
  - Monde
  - Cinta-Larga-Zoro
    - Arua
    - Cinta-Larga
    - Gavião-Zoro: Gavião; Zoro
Ramarama-Purubora
- Purubora
- Ramarama: Karo; Urumi
Tupari
- Makurap
- Tupari, Nuclear
  - Sakurabiat-Akuntsu
    - Akuntsu
    - Sakurabiat
  - Kepkiriwat †
  - Tupari
  - Wayoro
Tupi, Nuclear
- Juruna
  - Juruna
  - Manitsawa †
  - Shipaya
- Munduruku
  - Kuruaya
  - Munduruku
- Mawe-Aweti-Tupi-Guarani
  - Satere-Mawe
  - Aweti-Tupi-Guarani
    - Aweti
    - Tupi-Guarani
      - Kamayura
      - Kaapor-Ava
        Ava-Canoeiro
        
        Kaapor: Anambe †; Aura; Guaja; Takuñape †; Urubu-Kaapor
      - Akwawa-Arawete
        Akwawa-Tapirape
        Akwawa: Asurini do Tocantins; Parakanã; Surui (Tupi-Guarani)
        
        Tapirape
        
        Arawete-Asurini
        Arawete: Amanaye †; Anambe; Ararandewara †; Arawete
        
        Asurini do Xingu
      - Tupi-Guarani, Nuclear
        Tenetehara: Guajajara; Tembe; Turiwara †
        
        Kawahib-Kayabi
        Apiaka
        
        Juma
        
        Kayabi
        
        Kawahib: Amondawa; Karipuna (Tupi); Parintintin; Piripkura; Tukumanfed †; Uruewauwau; Wirafed
        
        Tupi-Guarani, Diasporic
        Guarani-Guarayu-Siriono
        Guarayu: Guarayu; Pauserna
        
        Siriono: Siriono; Jora †; Yuki
        
        Guarani
        Ache
        
        Guarani: Guarani, Classical †; Chiriguano; Chiripa
        
        Central: Guarani Paraguaio
        
        Western: Guarani Boliviano; Tapiete
        
        Eastern: Kayowa; Mbya; Ñandeva; Pai Tavytera; Sheta
        
        Tupinamba-Kokama
        Kokama-Omagua: Kokama; Kokamilla; Omagua
        
        Tupi: Tupi †; Tupi Austral †
        
        Tupinamba: Nhengatu; Tupinamba †
        
        Wayampi: Emerillon; Wayampi; Zo'e

Uru-Chipaya

Chipaya
Murato
Uru / Uchumataqu

Warpe †

Allentiak †
Millkayak †

Witoto-Okaina

Okaina: Okaina
Witoto
- Witoto Nüpode
- Minika-Murui
  - Witoto-Minika
  - Witoto-Murui
- Nonuya

Yanomami

Sanuma
Yanam
Yanomami, Central
- Yanomami-Yanomamï: Yanomam; Yanomamï
- Yaroame

Zamuko

Ayoreo: Ayoreo; Zamuko †
Chamakoko
- Tomaraho
- Ïbïtoso

Zaparo

Zaparo, Western
- Arabela
- Zaparo
Zaparo, Eastern
- Kawarano
- Ikito

Isolates

Aikanã
Andaki †
Arara do Rio Branco
Arutani
Atakame †
Atikum †
Aushiri †
Chono †
Guamo †
Guato
Gününa Këna
Iranche/Myky
Itonama
Kakan †
Kamsa
Kañari †
Kanichana
Kanoe
Kawesqar
Kayuvava
Kerandi †
Kimbaya †
Kingnam †
Kofan
Komechingon †
Koraveka †
Kueva †
Kulle †
Kunza †
Kuruminaka †
Kwaza
Leko
Lule †
Máku †
Malibu †
Mochika †
Mokana †
Morike †
Movima
Muzo-Kolima †
Omurano
Oti †
Paez
Panche †
Pijao †
Puruha †
Sanaviron †
Sape
Sechura †
Tarairiu †
Taruma
Taushiro
Tekiraka
Trumai
Tuxa †
Umbra
Urarina
Vilela
Waorani
Warao
Xukuru †
Yagan
Yaruro
Yurakare
Yurumangui †
Zenu †

Campbell (2012)

Lyle Campbell (2012) proposed the following list of 53 uncontroversial indigenous language families and 55 isolates of South America – a total of 108 independent families and isolates.

Aikaná (Aikanã, Huarí, Warí, Masaká, Tubarão, Kasupá, Mundé, Corumbiara)

(dialect: Masaká (Massaca, Massaka, Masáca))

Andaquí †

Andoque (Andoke, Choʼoje, Patsiaehé)

Arawakan (Arahuacan, Maipurean, Maipuran)

Northern Arawakan (Upper Amazon, Maritime, and Eastern branches)
- Upper Amazon branch
  - Western Nawiki sub-branch
    - Wainumá group
      - Wainumá † (Waima, Wainumi, Waiwana, Waipa, Yanuma)
      - Mariaté †
      - Anauyá †
    - Piapoco group
      - Achagua (Ajagua, Xagua)
      - Piapoco
      - Amarizana †
    - Cabiyarí (Caviyarí, Kaviyarí, Cabiuarí, Cauyarí, Cuyare)
    - Warekena group
      - Guarequena (Warekena, Guarenquena, Arequena)
      - Mandahuaca (Mandawaka, Mandauaca, Maldavaca, Ihini, Arihini, Maldavaca, Cunipusana, Yavita, Mitua)
    - Río Negro group †
      - Jumana †
      - Pasé †
      - Kawishana † (Cawishana, Kaiwishana, Kayuwishana)
    - Yucuna (Jukuna) (dialects or languages)
      - Yucuna (Chucuna, Matapí) (Jukuna)
      - Garú † (Guarú)
  - Eastern Nawiki sub-branch
    - Tariana (Tariano, Tarîna, Taliáseri)
    - Karu (dialects or languages)
    - Ipeka-Kurripako (dialects or language)
    - Karútana-Baniwa (Baniva) dialect group
    - Katapolítani-Moriwene-Mapanai (dialects or language)
    - Resígaro
  - Central Upper Amazon sub-branch
    - Baré group
      - Marawá †
      - Baré (Bare, Ihini, Barawana, Barauna, Barauana, Arihini, Maldavaca, Cunipusana, Yavita, Mitua), Guinao † (Guinaú) (Aikhenvald (1999a: 71) mentions Guinau with Bare.)
    - Yavitero group
      - Yavitero † (Yavitano)
      - Baniva †
      - Maipure † (Aikhenvald (1999a: 71) gives Yavitero and Baniwa of Yavita as alternative names for a single language.)
    - Manao group
      - Manao †
      - Kariaí †
  - Arawakan Upper-Amazon branch languages of uncertain grouping
    - Waraikú †
    - Yabaána † (Jabaana, Yabarana)
    - Wiriná †
    - Xiriâna † (Shiriana)
- Maritime branch (Caribbean)
  - Aruán † (Aruá, Aroã)
  - Mawayana (Mahuayana, Mapidian)
  - Wapixana (Wapishana, Wapixiána, Wapisiana, Uapixana, Vapidiana) (dialects or languages) (dialects: Amariba, Atorai)
  - Ta-Maipurean sub-branch
    - Taíno †
    - Guajiro group
      - Guajiro (Goahiro, Goajiro, Guajira, Wayuunaiki, Wayuu)
      - Paraujano (Añún) (dialects: Alile, Toa)
      - Arawak (Locono, Lokono, Aruak, Arowak)
      - Iñeri (Igneri, Island Carib) (dialects or languages)
      - Kalhíphona † (Island Carib)
      - Garífuna (Black Carib)
- Eastern branch
  - Palikur (Palikour, Palicur, Palijur) (dialects or languages)
  - Marawán-Karipurá †
Southern division
- Western branch
  - Amuesha (Amuese, Amoesha, Amueixa, Amoishe, Amagues, Amage, Omage, Amajo, Lorenzo, Amuetamo, Amaje, Yanesha)
  - Chamicuro (Chamicura, Chamicolo)
- Central branch
  - Paresí group
    - Paresí (Parecís, Paretí, Haliti)
    - Saraveca † (Sarave)
  - Waurá group
    - Waurá-Meinaku (Uara, Aura, Mahinacu)
    - Yawalapití (Jaulapiti, Yaulapiti)
    - Custenau † (Kustenau)
- Southern Outlier branch
  - Terena (Tereno, Terêna, Etelena, Guaná, Chané, Kinikinao) (dialects: Kinikanao, Etelena (Terena), Guaná)
  - Mojo group
    - Mojo (Morocosi, Mojeño, Moxeño, Moxo) (dialects or languages)
    - Ignaciano
    - Trinitario (dialects: Loreto (Loretano), Javierano)
    - Bauré (Chiquimiti, Joaquiniano may be a dialect of Bauré)
    - Paunaca (Pauna-Paicone (Paiconeca))
  - Piro group
    - Piro (dialects: Chontaquiro, Maniteneri, Maxineri)
    - Iñapari (Inamarí) (dialects: Inapari/Inamarí, Cuchitineri (Kushitineri), Cuniba)
    - Kanamaré † (Canamaré)
    - Apuriná (Apurinã, Ipuriná, Kangite (Cangaiti), Popengare)
- Campa branch (Campa dialects or languages)
  - Ashéninka (Ashéninga)
  - Asháninka (Asháninga)
  - Caquinte (Kakinte)
  - Pajonal Ashéninka (Pajonal Campa)
  - Machiguenga (Matsiguenga, Matsigenka) (dialects: Caquinte (Poyenisate), Nomatsiguenga (Atiri), Machiguenga)
  - Nomatsigenga
  - Nanti
Other Arawakan languages too scantily known to determine to which branch of the family they belong:
- Cumeral (Ethnologue)
- Shebaya † (Shebayo, Shebaye) (David Payne 1991: 366–367)
- Lapachu (Apolista, Aguachile)
- Morique † (Morike)
- Ponares (Ethnologue)
- Omejes (Ethnologue)
- Salumã (Rodrigues 1986: 72)
- Tomedes (Tamudes)

Arawan (Arauán, Arahuan, Arawa)

Paumarí (Purupurú, Pamarí, Palmarí, Curucuru) (dialects: Kurukuru, Uaiai, Paumarí (Pammari))
Madi (Jarawara (Jarauára, Jaruára), Jamamadi, Banawá (Banivá, Baniwá-Jafí, Kitiya, Banavá, Banauá, Jafí))
Zuruahá (Suruahá, Sorowahá)
Dení-Kulina
- Dení (dialect: Inauini)
- Culina (Kulína; Madihá, Madija, Corina)
Arawá † (Arua, Arauan)

Atacameño † (Cunza, Kunza, Atacama, Lipe Lican Antai)

(local varieties: Apatama, Casabindo, Churumata, Cochinoca)

Awaké (Ahuaqué, Oewacu, Arutani, Uruák)

Aymaran (Jaqi, Aru)

Southern Aymara
Central Aymara (Tupe branch) (dialects: Jaqaru and Cauqui (Kawki))

Baenan † (Baena, Baenã)

Barbacoan

Northern group
- Awan (Awa)
  - Awa Pit (Cuaiquer, Coaiquer, Kwaiker, Awa)
  - Pasto-Muellama
    - Muellama † (Muellamués)
    - Pasto †
- Coconucan (Guambiano-Totoró)
  - Guambiano (Mogües, Moguez, Moguex, Wam, Misak, Guambiano-Moguez, Namdrik)
- Totoró (Totoro, Polindara)
- Coconuco † (Kokonuko, Cauca, Wanaka)
Southern group
- Chaʼpalaachi (Cayapa, Chachi, Nigua)
- Tsafiki (Colorado, Colima, Campaz, Tsáchela, Tsachila, Tsafiqui)

Extinct: Barbacoa; Cara (Kara, Caranqui, Karanki, Imbaya); Pasto (Muellamués (Muellama)), Sindagua (Malla), and Coconuco

Betoi † (Betoy, Jirarra, Jirarru)

(dialects: Airico, Betoi, Ele, Jirara, Lolaca, Situfa)

Boran (Bora-Muinane)

Bora (Boro, Meamuyna; Miriña/Miranha)
Muinane (Muinane Bora, Muinani, Muename)

Bororoan

Eastern Bororo (Bororo proper, Boe)
Western Bororo
Umutina † (Umotina, Barbado)
Otuque † (Otuké, Otuqui, Louxiru) (dialects: Coraveca (Corave, Curave, Ecorabe), Curuminaca, Curumina, Curucaneca, Curucane, Tapii)

Cahuapanan (Jebero, Kawapanan, Kahuapanan; earlier called Maina, Mainan)

Cahuapana † (Cuncho, Chuncho, Concho, Chonzo)
Chayahuita (Chawi, Chayabita, Chayhuita, Balsopuertino, Paranapura, Cahuapa; Chayawita, Tshaahui, Tsaawí, Chayabita, Shayabit, Balsapuertino; Paranapura)
Jebero (Xebero, Chebero, Xihuila, Shiwilu)

Camsá (Sibundoy, Sebondoy, Coche, Kamsá, Kamemtxa, Kamse, Camëntsëá, Mocoa, Quillacinga)

Cañar-Puruhá †

Cañar † (Cañari)
Puruhá † (Puruguay)

Candoshi (Candoxi, Maina, Kandoshi, Shapra, Murato, Roamaina)

(dialects: Shapra (Chapara), Kandoshi)

Canichana † (Canesi, Kanichana, Canisiana)

Cariban

Venezuelan branch (Gildea 2003)
- Pemóng-Panare macro-group
  - Pemóng group (Kapóng, (Akawaio, Patamuna, Ingarikó), Makushi, Pemón (Taurepang, Kamarakóto, Arekuna))
  - Panare
- Mapoyo-Tamanaku macro-group
  - Mapoyo/Yawarana (Mapoyo, Wanai, Yawarana, Pémono)
  - Tamanaku †
- Pekodian branch
  - Bakairí
  - Arara group: Arara (Parirí), Ikpéng (Txikão)
Subgroups not yet classified in possible larger subgroups in the family:
- Kumaná † (Chaima †, Cumanagota †)
- Makiritare (De'kwana, Ye'kwana, Maiongong)
- Nahukwa group: Kuikúru, Kalapalo
- Parukotoan group
  - Katxúyana (Kaxuiâna, Shikuyana, Warikyana)
  - Waiwai subgroup: Waiwai (Wabui, Tunayana), Hixkaryana
- Taranoan group
  - Tiriyo subgroup: Akuriyo, Tiriyo, Trio
  - Karihona (Carijona)
- Yukpa group: Yukpa, Japréria
Languages not yet classified within possible subgroups:
- Apalaí
- Kari'nja (Carib, Kalinya, Cariña, Galibi)
- Waimirí Atroarí
- Wayana

Cayuvava † (Cayuwaba, Cayubaba, Kayuvava)

Chapacuran (Chapakuran, Txapakuran)

Itene group (Central Chapacuran)
- Wanham (Wañam, Wanyam, Huanyam)
- Kumaná (Torá, Toraz, Cumana, Cautario) (Abitana-Kumaná)
- Kabixí (Cabishi, Cabichí, Habishi, Parecís, Pawumwa)
- Itene (Iteneo, Iténez, Moré)
Wari group (Southern Chapacuran)
- Quitemo † (Quitemoca) (Kitemo-Nape)
- Chapacura † (Huachi, Wachi, Tapacura, Chapakura)
- Urupá-Jarú (Txapakura; Yaru, Jaru, Ituarupa)
- Orowari (Pakaás-novos, Pacasnovas, Pacaha-novo, Uariwayo, Uomo, Jaru, Oro Wari)
- Oro Win

Charrúan †

Charrúa †
Güenoa † (Minuane)
Chaná †

Chibchan

Paya (Pech)
Core Chibchan
- Votic
  - Rama (Melchora, Voto, Boto, Arama, Arrama)
  - Guatuso (Malecu)
- Isthmic
  - Western Isthmic
    - Viceitic
      - Cabécar (Chirripó, Tucurrique, Estrella)
      - Bribri (Viceíta)
    - Teribe (Térraba, Tiribí, Tirub)
    - Boruca † (Brunca)
  - Doracic
    - Dorasque † (Chumulu, Gualaca)
    - Chánguena † (Chánguina, Chánguene)
  - Eastern Isthmic
    - Guaymíic
      - Movere (Move, Guaymí, Penonomeño, Ngawbere/Ngäbere) (dialects: Inland Bocas del Toro, Coastal Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí)
      - Bocotá (Murire, Muoi, Guaymí Sabanero, Movere Sabanero)
    - Cuna (Cueva, Paya-Pocuro, Kuna)
- Magdalenic
  - Southern Magdalenic
    - Chibcha
      - Muisca † (Mosca, Chibcha)
      - Duit †
    - Tunebo (Uwa, Uw Cuwa; Tame, Sínsiga, Tegría, Pedraza) (dialects: Cobaría, Tegría, Agua Blanca, Barro Negro)
    - Barí (Motilón, Dobocubí, Cunaguasaya)
  - Northern Magdalenic
    - Arhuacic
      - Cogui (Cágaba, Kogi, Kogui, Coghui, Kagaba)
      - Eastern-Southern Arhuacic
      - Eastern Arhuacic
      - Damana (Guamaca, Sanká, Sanhá, Arsario, Malayo, Marocasero, Wiwa)
      - Kankuama (Atanques)
      - Ica (Bíntucua, Ika, Arhuaco, Bintuk)
      - Chimila (Chamila, Caca Weranos, San Jorge, Shimizya)
Unclassified
- Huetar †
- Antioqueño † (two varieties: Nutabe and Catío (not to be confused with the Emberá (Chocoan) variety called Catío).

Chipaya-Uru (Uru-Chipaya, Uruquilla)

Chipaya (erroneously earlier also called "Puquina")
Uru (Uru of Iru-Itu, Uchumataqu, Iru-Wit'u, Uro)
Chholo † (Murato)

Chiquitano (Besïro, Chiquito, Tarapecosi)

(dialects: Besïro (Lomerío), Concepción, San Javier (Javierano), San Miguel, Santiago, Churapa, Sansimoniano, Tao)

Chocoan

Waunana (Noanamá, Huaunana, Woun Meu, Waun Meo, Waumeo, Wounmeu, Wounaan, Noanama, Noenama, Nonama, Chocama, Chanco)
Emberá dialect continuum (Catío, Chamí, Napipí River, Saija, Sambú)
- Southern Emberá
- Northern Emberá (Emperã, Eberã Bed'ea, Eperã Pedea, Atrato, Darién, Dariena, Panama Embera, Eberã, Cholo (Choco))

Cholonan † (Hibito-Cholon)

Cholón † (Seeptsá, Tinganeses, Cholona)
Híbito † (Hibito, Xibito, Xibita, Jibito, Chibito, Zibito, Ibito, Xibitoana)

Chonan (Tehuelchean, Chon family)

Chonan proper
- Island Chonan
  - Selkʼnam † (Selknam, Shelknam, Ona, Aona)
  - Haush † (Manekenken)
- Continental Chonan
  - Tehuelche (Aoniken, Aonek'enk, Inaquen, Patagón)
  - Teushen † (Tehues, Patagón)
  - Patagón Costero †
Gününa-Küne † (Gennaken, Northern Tehuelche, Puelche, Pampa, Gününa Yajich)

Chono †

Cofán (Kofan, A'ingaé)

Culle † (Culli, Ilinga, Linga)

Esmeralda † (Esmeraldeño, Tacame)

Gamela † (Barbados, Curinsi, Acobu)

Guach' †

Guaicuruan (Waikuruan, Waykuruan)

Kadiwéu (Caduveo, Mbayá, Ediu-Adig)
Southern Guaicuruan
- Pilagá (Pilaca)
- Toba (Qom, Namqom)
- Mocoví (Mocobí)
- Abipón †

Guajiboan (Guahiboan)

Guajibo (Guahibo, Guaybo, Sikuani, Sicuani, Guajibo, Goahibo, Guaigua, Guayba, Wahibo, Goahiva, Hiwi) (dialects: Guahibo (Sikuani), Amorua (Rio Tomo Guahibo), Tigrero)
Cuiva (Cuiba, Cuiba-Wámonae) (dialects: Chiricoa, Masiware (Masiguare), Chiripo (Wupiwi, Siripu), Yarahuuraxi-Capanapara, Mayayero, Mochuelo-Casanare-Cuiba, Tampiwi (Mariposas), Amaruwa (Amorua), Mella, Ptamo, Sicuane (Sicuari))
Churuya †
Guayabero (Cunimía, Jiw, Mítus, Mítua)

Guamo †

Guató

Harákmbut-Katukinan

Harákmbut (Harakmbet, Hate, Tuyoneri, "Mashco")
- (several dialects in two clusters: (1: Huachipaeri, Toyoeri (Tuyoneri, Tuyuneri); 2: Amaracaeri (Amarakaeri), Sapiteri, Arasaeri)
Katukinan (Catuquinan)
- Katukina (Catuquina, Katukina do Jutaí) (dialect: Cutiadapa (Kutia-Dyapa))
- Dyapá (Southern Katukinan, Tshom-Djapá (Txunhuã-Djapá), Canamarí, Kanamarí) (perhaps the same as Tucundiapa (Tucano Dyapa, Hondiapa/Hon-Dyapá))
- Katawixí (Catawixi, Catauixi, Catawishi, Catauichi)

Huarpean † (Warpean)

Huarpe † (Allentiac)
Millcayac †

Irantxe (Iranxe, Iranche, Iranshe, Mynky, Münkü, Menki, Manoki, Myky)

(dialects: Münkü (Mynky, Menku, Menkü, Myy), Irántxe))

Itonama (Saramo, Machoto)

Jabutían (Yabutían)

Jabutí (Yabutí, Jabotí, Djeoromitxí, Kipiu, Quipiu)
Arikapú (Maxubí, Aricapú)

Jêan (Gêan, Jê family)

Northeastern Jê (Northern Jê)
- Timbíra (Canela (Kanela)), Krenjé, Krahó, Pykobyê)
- Kreen-Akarore (Ipewí, Kren-Akarore, Creen-Acarore, Panará)
- Apinajé (Apinayé)
- Kayapó (Cayapó, Kokairmoro) (dialects: Xikrin (Xukru, Diore), Kararaó, Kayapó-Kradaú)
- Suyá (dialects: Beiço de Pau (Tapayuna), Yaruma (Jarumá, Waiku))
Central Jê (Akwe branch)
- Xavánte (Shavante, Chavante, A'uwe, A'we, Uptabi, Akuên, Akwen, Crisca, Pusciti, Tapacua)
- Akroá † (Akroá-Mirim, Acroá, Koroá, Coroá)
- Xerénte (Sherenté, Xerenti)
- Xakriabá † (Chicriaba, Chakriaba, Shacriaba, Chikriaba)
Southern Jê
- Kaingang (Coroado, Coroados, Caingang, Bugre) (dialects: Paraná Kaingang, Central Kaingang, Southwest Kaingang, Southeast Kaingang)
- Xokléng (Shocleng, Aweikoma, Bugre, Botocudos)
- Ingáin † (Tains, Tain)
- Wayaná † (Guayaná, Guayana, Gualachí, Guanhanan)

Jirajaran †

Jirajara †
Ayomán † (Ayamán)
Gayón † (Coyón)

Jivaroan

Shuar (Jívaro, Maina, Jíbaro)
Aguaruna (Aguajun, Ahuajun)
Achuar (Achual, Achuar-Shiwiar)
Huambisa

Jotí (Yoana, Yuana, Yuwana, Waruwaru (Waruwádu), Chicano, Chikano, Joti, Jodi, Hotí, Hodï)

Kaliana (Sapé, Calianá, Cariana, Chirichano)

Kamakanan †

Kamakán † (Camacán)
- Kamakán † (Kamakã, Camacán, Ezeshio)
- Mongoyó † (Mangaló, Monshoko)
- Kotoxó † (Kutaxó, Catashó, Cotoxó, Catathóy)
Menién † (Manyã)
Masakará † (Masacará)

Kapixaná (Kanoê, Capixana)

Karajá (Caraja, Xambioá, Chamboa, Ynã, Karayá)

Karajá-Xambioá † (Chamboa, Ynã)
Javaé (Javaje, Javae)

Karirían † (Karirí family)

Kipeá † (Karirí, Kirirí)
Dzubukuá † (Kiriri, Dzubucua)
Sabuyá † (Sapoyá)
Kamurú † (Camurú, Pedra Branca)

Krenakan (Botocudoan, Aimoré language complex)

Krenak (Botocudo, Aimoré, Nakrehé, Nakpié, Naknyanúk, Etwet, Minyãyirún, Yiporók, Pojitxá, Potén, Krekmún, Bakuén, Aranã, Batachoa, Crenaque)
Guêren † (Guerén, Gren, Borun, Borúm)

Kwaza (Koayá, Koaiá, Quaiá, Arara)

Leco † (Lapalapa, Leko, Rik'a, Ateniano)

Lule-Vilelan †

Lule †
Vilela †

Máko † (Maco, Makú, Macu)

Makúan (Makú family, Makú-Puinavean, Puinavean, Vaupés-Japura, Nadahup family, Guaviaré-Japurá family)

Eastern Makúan
- Nadëb branch
  - Roçando Nadëb
  - Rio Negro Nadëb
- Dâw-Hupda-Yuhup
  - Dâw (Kamã, Kamã Makú, Kamarada, Makú-Kamarada)
  - Hupda-Yuhup
    - Hup (Hupda, Hupdë, Hupdá Makú, Macú de Tucano, Ubdé) (dialects: Hupdë, Tuhup, Nëhup)
    - Yuhup (Makú-Yahup, Yëhup, Yahup, Yahup Makú, "Maku")
Western Makúan
- Kakua group
  - Kakua (Cacua, Bará, Macu de Cubeo, Macu de Guanano, Macu de Desano, Báda, Kákwa) (dialects: Vaupés Cacua, Macú-Paraná Cacua)
  - Nukak
- Puinave (Wonsüht, Wãnsöhöt)

Mapudungun (Mapudungu, Araucano, Mapuche, Maputongo, Chiledugu, "Auca")

Mascoyan (Mascoian, Maskoyan, Lengua-Mascoy, Enlhet-Enenlhet)

Matacoan (Mataco-Mataguayan, Mataguayan)

Chorote (Chorotí, Manjuy) (dialects: Iyo'wujwa, Yohwaha, Manjuy)
Nivaclé (Niwaklé, Chulupí, Ashlushlay)
Maká (Macá, Enimaca, Enimaga)
Wichí (Mataco, Mataguayo, Weenhayek) (dialects: Nocten, Güisnay (Pilcomayo Wichí), Vejos (Vejoz, Aiyo, Hueshuo))

Matanauí † (Matanawí, Mitandua, Moutoniway)

Maxakalían

Maxakalí (Mashakali, Maxacari)
Kapoxó † (Capoxo, Caposho)
Monoxó † (Monoshó, Monachobm, Menacho)
Makoní † (Maconí)
Malalí †
Pataxó † (Pataxó-Hanhanhain, Patasho)

Mochica † (Yunga, Yunca, Chimú, Mochica, Muchic)

Mosetenan (Mosetén-Chimane)

Chimane (Chiman, Tsimane, Chumano, Nawazi-Moñtji)
Mosetén (Rache, Muchan, Tucupi, Aparono)

Movima (Mobima, Moyma, Movime)

Munichi † (Muniche, Munichino, Otanabe)

Muran

Mura †
Pirahã (Pirahá)
Bohurá † (Buxwaray)
Yahahí †

Nambikwaran (Nambicuaran, Nambiquaran, Nambikuaran)

Mamaindê (Northern Nambiquara, Mamande, Nakarothe) (dialects: Mamaindé, Negarotê, Tawanxte, Taxmainite, Taxwensite, Yalapmunxte (Lacondê, Latundê)
Southern Nambikuaran
- Nambiquara (Nambikwara) (dialects: Manduka, Khithaulhu, Halotesu, Saxwentesu, Wakalitesu, Serra Azul, Hahaintesu, Wasusu, Alatesu, Waikisu, Galera)
- Kithãulhú (Southern Nambiquara) (dialect complex: Kabishi, Nambiquara, etc.)
- Sararé
Sabané (Sabanés)

Natú † (Peagaxinan)

Ofayé † (Opayé, Ofayé-Xavante, Opaié-Shavante, Ofaié)

Omurano † (Humurana, Numurana)

Otomacoan †

Otomaco †
Taparita †

Paezan

Paez (Nasa Yuwe, Paisa)
Paniquitá
(?) Panzaleo † (Latacunga, Quito)

Pankarurú † (Pancararu, Pancarurú, Brancararú, Pankarará, Pankarú, Pancaru, Pancaré, Pankaravu, Pankaroru)

Pano-Takanan

Panoan
- Mayoruna branch
  - Mayo group
    - Matses
    - Korubo (Chankuëshbo as co-dialect)
    - Dëmushbo
    - Kulina
  - Matis
- Mainline branch
  - Kasharari
- Core Mainline branch
  - Kashibo (Kakataibo as co-dialect)
  - Nawa group
    - Chakobo; (Pakawara as co-dialect)
    - Marubo subgroup
      - Marubo
      - Katukina
    - Poyanawa subgroup
      - Poyanawa
      - Iskonawa
      - Nukini
    - Shipibo (with Konibo and Kapanawa as co-dialects)
    - Headwaters subgroup
      - Kashinawa
      - Amawaka
      - Yaminawa (dialects: Sharanawa, Yawanawa, Shanenawa (Katukina de Feijó), Shawanawa (Arara), Mastanawa, Marinawa)
Takanan
- Takana group
  - Tacana (Tupamasa)
  - Reyesano (San Borjano, Maropa)
  - Araona (Carina, Cavina)
  - Cavineña
- Chama group
  - Ese'ejja (Ese'eha, Ese Ejja, Ese Exa, Tiatinagua, Chama, Tambopata-Guarayo, Huarayo, Guacanawa, Chuncho, "Chama")
  - Toromona † (Toromono)

Payaguá †

Puquina † (Pukina)

Purían † (Puri-Coroado)

Purí † (Coroado)
Koropó † (Coropa)

Qawasqaran (Alacalufan)

Qawasqar (Northern Alacaluf, Alacaluf, Kaweskar, Kawésqar, Kawaskar, Aksánas) (dialects: Kawésqar, Tawókser)
Alacaluf (Central Alacaluf, Hekaine)
Southern Alacaluf (Halakwalup, Pecheré)

Quechuan

Central Quechua (Huaihuash (Waywash)/Quechua I)
- Pacaraos Quechua
- Central Quechua
  - "Waylay" (Huailay, North)
    - Huaylas Quechua (Ancash Quechua)
    - Conchucos Quechua
- Ap-am-ah
  - Alto Pativilca
  - Alto Marañón
  - Alto Huallaga (Huánuco)
- "Wankay" (Huancay, South)
  - Yaru Quechua (Tarma, Junín)
  - Jauja-Huanca Quechua (Jauja, Huaycha Huanca, Huaylla Huanca (Huancayo))
  - Huangascar-Topará Quechua
Peripheral Quechua (Huampuy/Quechua II)
- "Yungay" (Quechua IIA)
  - Central
    - Laraos
    - Lincha
    - Apurí
    - Chocos
    - Madeán
  - Northern
    - Cañaris-Incahuasi Quechua
    - Cajamarca Quechua
- "Chinchay" (Quechua IIB-C)
  - Northern
    - Chachapoyas Quechua (Amazonas Quechua)
    - San Martín Quechua
    - Loreto Quechua
    - Ecuador Quechua
  - Southern
    - Southern Peruvian Quechua
    - Ayacucho Quechua
    - Cuzco Quechua
    - Puno Quechua
    - Northern Bolivian Quechua
    - Southern Bolivian Quechua
    - Santiago del Estero Quichua ("Cusco")
    - Catamarca-La Rioja Quichua †

Rikbaktsá (Aripaktsá, Erikbatsa, Erikpatsa, Canoeiro)

Sabela (Huao, Wao, Auca, Huaorani, Huarani, Waorani, Auishiri)

Sáliban (Sálivan, Sáliba-Piaroan)

Sáliva (Sáliba)
Piaroa (Piaroa-Maco, Wothüha, Guagua, Quaqua)
Mako

Sechura-Catacaoan † (Sec)

Sechura †
Tallán † (Atalán)
- (varieties: Colán and Catacaos)

Taruma (Taruamá)

Taushiro (Pinchi, Pinche)

Tequiraca (Tekiraka, Aushiri, Auishiri, Avishiri, Avixiri, Abiquira, Abishira, Abigira, Agouisiri, Ixignor, Vacacocha)

Tikuna-Yurí

Tikuna (Ticuna, Tukuna, Tucuna)
Yurí (Jurí, Yuri, Xurúpixuna)

Timotean † (Timote-Cuica)

Timote-Cuica † (Miguri, Cuica)
Mucuchí-Maripú † (Mocochí; Mirripú)

Tiniguan †

Tinigua (Timigua)
Pamigua (Pamiwa) †

Trumai (Trumaí, Tramalhy)

Tukanoan (Tucanoan)

Western Tukanoan
- Coreguaje (Koreguaje, Caquetá, Correguaje, Ko'reuaju, Chaocha Pai)
- Siona-Secoya
  - Macaguaje † (Makawahe, Piojé)
  - Secoya (Piohé, Siona-Secoya)
  - Siona
- Teteté † (Eteteguaje) (possibly a dialect of Siona)
- Orejón (Maijuna, Coto, Koto, Payoguaje, Payaguá, Payagua, Mai Ja, Oregon, Orechon, Tutapi) (dialect: Nebaji)
- Retuarã (Letuama, Tanimuca-Retuarã)
- Yahuna (Jaúna, Yauna)
- Tama †
Eastern Tukanoan
- Cubeo (Kubeo, Pamié, Cuveo, Cubeu, Kobeua, Kobewa, Kubwa, Kobéwa, Hehenawa, Pamiwa)
- Miriti † (Miriti-Tapuyo, Neenoá)
- Macuna (Makuna, Buhagana, Baigana, Wuhána, Jepa-Matsi, Yepá-Mahsá, Yehpá Majsá, Yepá Maxsã, Yebamasã, Paneroa, Wahana, Makuna-Erulia)
- Yupuá-Duriña † (Yupua, Sokó, Uri, Duriña)
- Kueretú † (Cueretú, Coretú, Curetú)
- Desano-Siriano
- Bará-Tuyuka (Barasano, Tuyuca)
- Carapano (Karapaná, Karapano, Carapana-Tapuya, Tatuyo, Mochda, Moxdoa, Mextã)
- Tucano (Tukano, Dasea, Daxsea) (dialects: Yohoraa (Curaua), Wasona (Uasona))
- Wanano-Piratapuyo (Guanano, Wanâna, Uanana, Anana, Kótedia, Kótirya, Kotiria; Wanana, Waikena, Waikina, Uiquina, Waikino, Pira-Tapuya, Uaikena, Uaicana, Waikhara, Waina, Uaiana, Uainana, Urubu-Tapuya)
- Arapaso † (Arapaço, Arapasso, Koneá)

Tupían

Western Tupían
- Arikém subfamily
  - Arikém (Ariquême)
  - Kabixiána
  - Karitiána (Caritiana)
- Mondéan subfamily
  - Paitér (Suruí, Suruí do Jiparaná, Suruí de Rondônia, Surui Paiter)
  - Cinta-larga
  - Gavião (Digüt, Ikõrõ, Gavião do Jiparaná)
  - Zoró
  - Mondé (Sanamaikã (Sanamaicá), Salamãi)
  - Aruá (Aruaxi, Aruashí)
- Puruborá (Boruborá, Puruba, Aurã, Pumbora, Puroborá, Burubora, Kuyubi, Cujubi, Migueleno, Miguelenho)
- Ramaráman subfamily
  - Káro (Arara, Urukú)
  - Ramaráma (Itogapúk, Ntogapíd)
  - Urumí
- Tuparían subfamily
  - Tuparí
  - Kepkiriwát (Quepiquiriuate, Kepikiriwat, Kepkeriwát)
  - Makuráp (Macurap, Macurape)
  - Mekéns (Mekém, Sakurabiat, Sakyrabiat)
  - Akuntsú (Akunsú)
  - Waratégaya (Amiapé)
  - Wayoró (Ayurú, Wayru, Wayurú, Ayurú, Ajurú, Uaiora, Wajaru)
  - Mekens
Eastern Tupían
- Awetí (Auetö, Awetö, Aueto, Aueti, Auiti, Arauite, Arauine)
- Jurúnan subfamily
  - Jurúna (Yuruna, Yudjá, Djudjá, Jaruna)
  - Manitsawá (Maritsauá, Manitzula) (dialect: Arupai (Urupaya))
  - Xipáya (Shipaya, Shipaja, Xipaia)
  - Mawé (Maué, Sataré, Sateré, Sateré-Mawé)
- Mundurukún subfamily
  - Kuruáya (Caravare, Curuaia, Kuruaia)
  - Mundurukú (Mundurucu, Monjoroku, Weidyenye, Paiquize, Pari, Caras-Pretas)
- Tupí-Guaranían subfamily
  - Guaranían branch
    - Guaraní Antigo (Guaraní, old Guaraní)
    - Paraguayan Guaraní (Guaraní, Guarani paraguaio, Avañee)
    - Kaiwá (Kayowá, Kaiowá, Caiová, Caiguá, Pãi, Pãi-Tavyterã)
    - Nhandéva (Ñandeva, Chiripá)
    - Xetá (Shetá, Aré, Notobotocudo)
    - Chiriguano group (Ava, Simba, Chané, Izoceño (Isosó, Izozó), Tapiete)
    - Argentina, Bolívia, Paraguay (Dietrich 2007)
    - Guayakí (Guayaquí, Aché, Axe)
  - Guaráyoan branch
    - Guarayo (Guarayú)
    - Sirionó
    - Yúki (Yuqui)
  - Tupi branch of Tupí-Guaranían
    - Língua Geral Amazônica (Língua Geral, Nheengatú, Tapïhïya, Tupi moderno)
    - Língua Geral Paulista (Língua Geral, Tupí)
    - Tupí (Tupi antigo)
    - Tupinambá (Língua brasílica, Tupi antigo)
  - Teneteháran branch
    - Avá (Canoeiro, Avá-Canoeiro)
    - Tapirapé
    - Parakanã (Paracanã, Apiteréwa)
    - Tocantins Asuriní (Assurini, Asuriní do Tocantins, Asuriní do Trocará, Akwáwa)
    - Suruí (Suruí do Tocantins, Aikewara, Mudjetíre)
    - Tembé (Tenetehára)
    - Guajajára (Tenetehára)
    - Turiwára (Turiuara)
  - Xingu branch
    - Araweté
    - Amanajé (Amanage, Amanayé, Amanyé, Manajo, Manaxo, Manaze, Manazo)
    - Ararandewára
    - Aurê (Aurá)
    - Anambé of Cairarí
    - Xingu Asuriní (Assurini, Asuriní do Xingu, Asuriní do Coatinema, Awaeté)
  - Kawahíb branch
    - Amondáwa (Amundáwa)
    - Uruewawáu (Uru-eu-wau-wau, Uru-eu-uau-uau)
    - Karipúna
    - Piripkúra
    - Diahói (Diahui, Jahoi, Jahui, Diarrui)
    - Parintintín (Parintintim, Kagwahív)
    - Tenharín (Tenharim)
    - Tupí-Kawahíb (Tupi do Machado, Paranawát, Pawaté, Wiraféd)
      - Apiaká (Apiacá)
      - Júma (Yuma)
      - Kayabí (Caiabi)
  - Kamayurá (Kamaiurá, Camaiurá)
  - Northern Tupí-Guaranían branch
    - Anambé of Ehrenreich
    - Guajá (Awá, Avá, Awá Guajá, Ayaya, Guaxare, Wazaizara)
    - Ka'apór (Urubú, Urubú-Ka'apór, Kaapor)
    - Takunyapé (Taconhapé)
    - Wayampí (Oyampi, Wajãpi, Waiãpi)
    - Wayampipukú
    - Emérillon (Emerenhão, Emereñon, Emerilon, Melejo, Mereo, Mereyo, Teco)
    - Zo'é (Zoé, Jo'é)

Tuxá † (Tushá, Todela)

Urarina (Simacu, Kachá, Itucale, Urariña, Oruarina)

Wamoé † (Uamué, Huamoi, Umán, Uame, Huamoé, Araticum, Atikum, Aticum)

Warao (Guarao, Warau, Warrau, Guaruno, Waraw, Araote, Faraute)

Witotoan (Huitotoan)

Ocaina (dialects: Dukaiya, Ibo'tsa)
Early Huitoto
- Nipode (Huitoto Muinane, Nïpode, Nüpode Huitoto)
- Minica-Murai
  - Mɨnɨca (Huitoto Meneca)
  - Murui (Huitoto Murui, Murai, Búe)

Xukurú † (Xucuru, Ichikile, Shukurú)

Yagan (Yahgan, Yaghan, Yamana, Yámana, Tequenica, Yapoo)

Yaguan (Peban, Peba-Yaguan family)

Yagua (Yihamwo, Nijyamïï, Nikyejaada, Yahua, Llagua, Yava, Yegua, Mishara)
Peba † (Nijamvo)
Yameo † (Llameo, Camuchivo, Masamae, Mazan, Parara)

Yanomaman (Yanomamian)

Ninam (Yanam, Xirianá, Shiriana Casapare, Jawaperi, Crichana, Jawari)
Sanumá (Sanimá, Sanma, Tsanuma, Guaika, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari) (dialects: Ninam (Shirishana, Mukajai), Northern Ninam (Shiriana, Uraricaa-Paragua), Caura, Ervato-Ventuari, Auaris; Yanoma, Cobari (Kobali, Cobariwa))
Yanomam (Waiká (Waicá), Yanomami, Yanomamé, Surara, Xurima, Parahuri, Yanoam)
- (dialects: Yanamam (Patimitheri, Waika), Yanomam (Naomam, Guadema, Wadema, Warema), Yanomay (Toototobi), Nanomam (Karime), Jauari (Joari, Yoari, Aica))
Yanomamö (Yanomamï, Yamomame, Guaicá, Guaharibo, Guajaribo, Yanomami, Shamatri, Shaathari, Cobari Kobali, Cobariwa)
- (dialects: Eastern Yanomami (Parima), Western Yanomami (Padamo-Orinoco))

Yaruro (Pumé, Llaruro, Yaruru, Yuapín)

Yaté (Fulnio, Furniô, Fórnio, Carnijó, Iaté, Yathé)

Yuracaré (Yuracare, Yurucar, Yuracar, Yurujure, Cuchi, Enete)

Yurumanguí † (Yurimanguí)

Zamucoan

Ayoreo (Ayoré, Moro, Zamuco, Pyeta, Yovai)
- (dialect: Tsiricua, Tsiracua)
Chamacoco (Ishiro, Jeywo)
- (dialects: Chamacoco Bravo (Tomaraho, Tomaraxa, Tumarahá), Ebitoso (Ebidoso, Ishiro))